The Great Migration is one of the most awe-inspiring wildlife spectacles on Earth, involving the movement of millions of wildebeest, zebras, and other grazers through the Serengeti-Mara ecosystem in search of fresh grazing land and water. While the peak usually occurs between July and September when large herds cross the Mara River, some stragglers can still be observed in the northern Serengeti during late November.

This late-season viewing offers a quieter, more serene experience compared to the bustling peak periods. The landscape in the northern Serengeti is lush and vibrant after the short rains, providing an excellent backdrop for wildlife photography and intimate encounters with smaller groups of migrating animals. Additionally, predator activity remains high as lions, leopards, and crocodiles take advantage of lingering prey.

Migration Route and Timeline

The migration follows a clockwise loop of approximately 800 kilometers through Tanzania and Kenya.

• December to March: Calving season in the southern Serengeti and Ngorongoro Conservation Area, where lush grasslands offer abundant food. Over 500,000 calves are born, attracting predators like lions, hyenas, and cheetahs.
• April to June: As the rains taper off, the herds move northwest towards the Grumeti River, where crocodiles lie in wait.
• July to September: This is the most famous stage—crossing the Mara River in the northern Serengeti and Masai Mara. The crossings are dramatic and dangerous, with strong currents and crocodiles presenting significant risks.
• October to November: The herds head south again as short rains rejuvenate the grasslands of the central and southern Serengeti.

Why Wildebeest Dominate the Migration

Wildebeest are the primary species in the migration because of their specialized ability to survive on nutrient-poor grasses. Their synchronized calving ensures survival of many young, even amidst heavy predation.